United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDG)

United Nations Millennium Goals 

Background
The eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) – which range from halving extreme poverty to halting the spread of HIV/AIDS and providing universal primary education, all by the target date of 2015 – form a blueprint agreed to by all the world’s countries and all the world’s leading development institutions. They have galvanized unprecedented efforts to meet the needs of the world’s poorest.

GOAL 1: ERADICATE EXTREME POVERTY & HUNGER

Target 1.A:
Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than $1.25 a day

• The target of reducing extreme poverty rates by half was met five years ahead of the 2015 deadline.
• The global poverty rate at $1.25 a day fell in 2010 to less than half the 1990 rate. 700 million fewer people lived in conditions of extreme poverty in 2010 than in 1990. However, at the global level 1.2 billion people are still living in extreme poverty.

Target 1.B:
Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people

• Globally, 384 million workers lived below the $1.25 a day poverty line in 2011—a reduction of 294 million since 2001.
• The gender gap in employment persists, with a 24.8 percentage point difference between men and women in the employment-to-population ratio in 2012.

Target 1.C:
Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger

• The hunger reduction target should be almost met by 2015.
• Globally, about 842 million people are estimated to be undernourished.
• More than 99 million children under age five are still undernourished and underweight.

GOAL 2: ACHIEVE UNIVERSAL PRIMARY EDUCATION

Target 2.A:
Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling

• Enrolment in primary education in developing regions reached 90 per cent in 2010, up from 82 per cent in 1999, which means more kids than ever are attending primary school.
• In 2011, 57 million children of primary school age were out of school.
• Even as countries with the toughest challenges have made large strides, progress on primary school enrolment has slowed. One in ten children of primary school age was still out of school in 2012.
• Gender gaps in youth literacy rates are also narrowing. Globally, 781 million adults and 126 million youth (aged 15 to 24) worldwide lack basic reading and writing skills, and more than 60 per cent of them are women.

GOAL 3: PROMOTE GENDER EQUALITY AND EMPOWER WOMEN

Target 3.A:
Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, preferably by 2005, and in all levels of education no later than 2015

• The world has achieved equality in primary education between girls and boys, but few countries have achieved that target at all levels of education.
• The political participation of women keeps increasing. In January 2014, in 46 countries more than 30 per cent of members of parliament in at least one chamber were women.
• In many countries, gender inequality persists and women continue to face discrimination in access to education, work and economic assets, and participation in government. For example, in every developing region, women tend to hold less secure jobs than men, with fewer social benefits.
• Violence against women continues to undermine efforts to reach all goals.
• Poverty is a major barrier to secondary education, especially among older girls.
• Women are largely relegated to more vulnerable forms of employment.

GOAL 4: REDUCE CHILD MORTALITY

Target 4.A:
Reduce by two thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate

• Despite population growth, the number of deaths in children under five worldwide declined from 12.7 million in 1990 to 6.3 million in 2013, which translates into about 17,000 fewer children dying each day.

• Since 2000, measles vaccines have averted over 14 million deaths.
• Despite determined global progress in reducing child deaths, an increasing proportion of child deaths are in sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia. Four out of every five deaths of children under age five occur in these regions.
• As the rate of under-five deaths overall declines, the proportion that occurs during the first month after birth is increasing.
• Children born into poverty are almost twice as likely to die before the age of five as those from wealthier families.
• Children of educated mothers—even mothers with only primary schooling—are more likely to survive than children of mothers with no education.

GOAL 5: IMPROVE MATERNAL HEALTH

Target 5.A:
Reduce by three quarters, between 1990 and 2015, the maternal mortality ratio

• The maternal mortality ratio dropped by 45 per cent between 1990 and 2013, from 380 to 210 deaths per 100,000 live births. All regions have made progress but accelerated interventions are required in order meet the target.
• In Eastern Asia, Northern Africa and Southern Asia, maternal mortality has declined by around two-thirds.
• The proportion of deliveries in developing regions attended by skilled health personnel rose from 56 in 1990 to 68 per cent in 2012.
• The maternal mortality ratio in developing regions is still 14 times higher than in the developed regions.
• The rural-urban gap in skilled care during childbirth has narrowed.

Target 5.B:
Achieve, by 2015, universal access to reproductive health

• More women are receiving antenatal care. In developing regions, antenatal care increased from 65  per cent in 1990 to 83 per cent in 2012.
• Only half of women in developing regions receive the recommended amount of health care they need.
• Fewer teens are having children in most developing regions, but progress has slowed.
• The large increase in contraceptive use in the 1990s was not matched in the 2000s.
• The need for family planning is slowly being met for more women, but demand is increasing at a rapid pace.
• Official Development Assistance for reproductive health care and family planning remains low.

GOAL 6: COMBAT HIV/AIDS, MALARIA AND OTHER DISEASES

Target 6.A:
Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS

• New HIV infections continue to decline in most regions.
• The number of new HIV infections per 100 adults (aged 15 to 49) declined by 44 per cent between 2001 and 2012.
• An estimated 2.3 million cases of people of all ages are newly infected and 1.6 million people died from AID-related causes.
• Comprehensive knowledge of HIV transmission remains low among young people, along with condom use.
• About 210,000 children died of AIDS-related causes in 2012, compared to 320,000 in 2005.

Target 6.B:
Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all those who need it

• Antiretroviral medicines to treat HIV were delivered to 9.5 million people in developing regions in 2012.
• Over 900,000 pregnant women living with HIV globally were receiving antiretroviral prophylaxis or treatment by December 2012.

Target 6.C:
Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases

• Between 2000 and 2012, the substantial expansion of malaria interventions led to a 42 per cent decline in malaria mortality rates globally.
• In the decade since 2000, 3.3 million deaths from malaria were averted, and the lives of three million young children were saved.
• Thanks to increased funding, more children are sleeping under insecticide-treated bed nets in sub-Saharan Africa.
• Treatment for tuberculosis has saved some 22  million lives between 1995 and 2012.

GOAL 7: ENSURE ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

Target 7.A:
Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programmes and reverse the loss of environmental resources

• Forests are a safety net for the poor, but they continue to disappear at an alarming rate.
• Global emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) have increased by more than 50  per cent since 1990.
• In the 26 years since the adoption of the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, there has been a reduction of over 98 per cent in the consumption of ozone-depleting substances.
• Afforestation and the natural expansion of forests have reduced the net loss of forest from an average of 8.3 million hectares annually in the 1990s to an average of 5.2 million hectares annually between 2000 and 2010.

Target 7.B:
Reduce biodiversity loss, achieving, by 2010, a significant reduction in the rate of loss

• Protected ecosystems covered 14 per cent of land and coastal marine areas worldwide by 2012.

Target 7.C:
Halve, by 2015, the proportion of the population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation

• The world has met the target of halving the proportion of people without access to improved sources of water, five years ahead of schedule.
• Between 1990 and 2012, 2.3 billion people gained access to improved drinking water sources.
• Over a quarter of the world’s population has gained access to improved sanitation since 1990, yet one billion people still resort to open defecation.
• The vast majority – 82 per cent – of people practicing open defecation now live in middle-income, populous countries.
• In 2012, 748 million people remained without access to an improved source of drinking water.
• Despite progress, 2.5 billion in developing countries still lack access to improved sanitation facilities.

Target 7.D:
Achieve, by 2020, a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers

• The target was met well in advance of the 2020 deadline. More than 200 million of these people gained access to improved water sources, improved sanitation facilities, or durable or less crowded housing, thereby exceeding the MDG target
• 863 million people are estimated to be living in slums in 2012 compared to 650 million in 1990 and 760 million in 2000

GOAL 8: DEVELOP A GLOBAL PARTNERSHIP FOR DEVELOPMENT

Target 8.A:
Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, non-discriminatory trading and financial system

• Official development assistance hit a record high of $134.8 billion in 2013.

• Aid shifted away from the poorest countries where attainment of the MDGs often lags the most.

Target 8.B:
Address the special needs of least developed countries

• Net bilateral aid to Africa (where 34 of the 48 least developed countries are located) fell by 5.6 per cent in 2013, to $28.9 billion in real terms.
• Eighty per cent of imports from developing countries enter developed countries duty-free.

Target 8.C:
Address the special needs of landlocked developing countries and small island developing States

• Aid to landlocked developing countries fell in 2010 for the first time in a decade, while aid to small island developing States increased substantially.

Target 8.D:
Deal comprehensively with the debt problems of developing countries

• The debt burden on developing countries remains stable at about 3 per cent of export revenue, which was a near 75 per cent drop since 2000.

Target 8.E:
In cooperation with pharmaceutical companies, provide access to affordable essential drugs in developing countries

• Resources available for providing essential medicines through some disease-specific global health funds increased in 2011, despite the global economic downturn.
• There has been little improvement in recent years in improving availability and affordability of essential medicines in developing countries.

Target 8.F:
In cooperation with the private sector, make available benefits of new technologies, especially information and communications

• Two-thirds of the world’s Internet users are in developing regions, where the number of Internet users doubled between 2009 and 2014.
• In 2014, Internet use penetration in developing countries grew by 8.7 per cent, twice as fast as in the developed world where its usage rose by 3.3 per cent.
• In Africa, almost 20 per cent of the population are online, up from 10 per cent in 2010.
• Thirty per cent of the world’s youth are digital natives, active online for at least five years.
• More than four billion people do not use the Internet, and 90 per cent of them are from the developing world.

All of this goals are very important to our society. 

Every leaders in all over the world should give efforts to achieve this goals.

but I think many people don't know about this MDG campaign.

this will be made by everyone. and everyone need to feel that these kinds of goals make our society more equal.

If you want more information, go to the this site ! http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals